Malaria: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment: Latest research based article

Malaria is a serious disease caused by parasites transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Let’s delve into the details:

Causes of Malaria

• Mosquito Transmission: When a mosquito bites an infected person, it becomes a carrier of malaria parasites. Subsequently, when it bites another person, it transfers these parasites into their bloodstream.

• Types of Malaria Parasites: There are five types of malaria parasites that can infect humans.
• Rare Modes of Transmission: In exceptional cases, malaria can be transmitted through organ transplant, blood transfusion, or hypodermic needles.

Symptoms of Malaria

• High Fever: Malaria typically presents with high fever.
• Chills and Sweating: Shaking chills, ranging from moderate to severe, accompany the fever.

Other Common Symptoms:

o Headache
o Abdominal pain
o Muscle pain
o Nausea
o Vomiting
o Diarrhea
o Anemia
o Deep breathing and respiratory distress
o Clinical jaundice and evidence of vital organ dysfunction
o Impaired consciousness
o Bloody stools
o Convulsions
o Coma

Complications and Risks:

• Cerebral Malaria: Swelling of the brain or brain damage, leading to coma.
• Breathing Problems: Accumulated fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) can cause difficulty in breathing.
• Organ Failure: Malaria can affect the kidneys, liver, and spleen, potentially leading to failure.
• Anemia: Malaria damages red blood cells, resulting in anemia.
• Low Blood Sugar: Very low blood sugar can lead to coma or death (a side effect of malarial medication).

Diagnosis and Treatment:

• Blood Tests: Diagnosis involves a physical examination, symptoms assessment, and blood tests (complete blood count and tests for malaria).
• Antimalarial Drugs: Treatment includes medications such as Chloroquine, Quinine sulfate, Hydroxychloroquine, Mefloquine, Atovaquone, and Proguanil.
• Fluids and Electrolytes: Managing symptoms involves controlling fever, using antiseizure medications when needed, and maintaining hydration.

Prevention Strategies:

• Insecticides: To eliminate adult mosquitoes, apply pesticides.
• Sleeping Nets: Sleep under mosquito nets treated with insecticide.
• Cover Your Body: Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts to minimize body exposure.
• Mosquito Repellents: Apply mosquito repellent creams or sprays.
Remember, malaria is curable if diagnosed and treated promptly. If you’re traveling to an area where malaria is prevalent, consult your healthcare provider for preventive measures.